| IAD |
| An Integrated Access Device enables various types of information such as voice and data to be transmitted over the same line. Multiplexer, DSL. |
| IANA |
| Internet Assigned Numbers Authority: The authority that allocates well-known ports. |
| IC |
| Integrated circuit in the context of chip production, sometimes also used as an abbreviation for information and communication in the context convergence. |
| ICANN |
| The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is a technical coordination body for the Internet. Created in October 1998 by a broad coalition of Internet’s business, technical, academic, and user communities, ICANN is assuming responsibility for a set of technical functions previously performed under U.S. government contract by IANA and other groups. Specifically, ICANN coordinates the assignment of the following identifiers’ that must be globally unique for the Internet to function: Internet domain names, Internet Protocol address numbers, and protocol parameter and port numbers. In addition, ICANN coordinates the stable operation of the Internet’s root server system. As a non-profit, private-sector corporation, ICANN is dedicated to preserving the operational stability of the Internet; to promoting competition; to achieving broad representation of global Internet communities; and to developing policy through private-sector, bottom-up, consensus-based means. ICANN welcomes the participation of any interested Internet user, business or organization. |
| ICMP |
| Short for Internet Control Message Protocol, an extension to the Internet Protocol (IP) defined by RFC 792. ICMP is a protocol used between a host server and an Internet gateway that governs message control and error-reporting. The PING command, for example, uses ICMP to test an Internet connection. |
| Icon |
| A small graphics symbol that can be clicked on with the mouse in order to activate a function or a program. |
| ICQ |
| Derived from the phrase, "I Seek You"- A downloadable program that lets a user know when friends and contacts are also online on the Internet. It works by paging a user and enables chatting. |
| IDEA |
| International data Encryption Algorithm - A 128 bit private key block cipher encryption/decryption algorithm. IDEA is a very secure algorithm, and no successful attacks on it have been reported. |
| IIS |
| Internet Information Server - Microsoft's Web Server, which runs and is only available on Windows NT platforms or later. |
| ILEC |
| Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier: Traditional local network operator such as Deutsche Telekom (DTAG), British Telecom (BT) or in the USA local Bell companies. ILECs today have to contend with CLECs. |
| IMAP |
| Internet Message Access Protocol - A versatile way of managing email messages on a remote server. |
| Internet Worm |
| A worm program that was unleashed on the Internet in 1988. It was written by Robert T. Morris as an experiment that got out of hand. (See Worm) |
| InterNIC |
| An authority that provides a variety of information management services for the Internet, including domain name registration. |
| Intranet |
| An intranet is a private web site generally used only for internal communication that uses Internet protocols, network connectivity, and possibly the public telecommunication system to securely share part of an organization's information or operations with its employees. Sometimes the term refers only to the most visible service, the internal website. There is often an attempt to use Internet technologies to provide new interfaces with corporate 'legacy' data and information systems. A very common use of the terms "Intranet" and "Extranet" is to designate the "private part" of a website, where "registered-on-site people" can navigate. The "login page" and the authentication mechanisms enable them. Generally in the sense that Intranet is for "employee exclusive contents", and Extranet for "customer/supplier exclusive contents". Increasingly, intranets are being used to deliver tools and applications, eg: collaboration (to facilitate working in groups and for teleconferences) or sophisticated corporate directories, sales and CRM tools, project management, etc, to advance productivity. |
| Intrusion |
| Any set of actions that attempt to compromise the integrity, confidentiality or availability of a resource. |
| Intrusion Detection |
| Pertaining to techniques which attempt to detect intrusion into a computer or network by observation of actions, security logs, or audit data. |
| IP |
| Internet Protocol: IP is part of the TCP/IP protocol. This protocol defines the rules that are used so that different computers can communicate with each other. IP is used by routers to determine the route taken through the network when information is requested. The IP addresses of both sending and receiving computers are therefore added to each data packet transferred. |
| IP Address |
| An identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network. Networks using the TCP/IP protocol route messages based on the IP address of the destination. The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods. Each number can be zero to 255. For example, 1.160.10.240 could be an IP address. Within an isolated network, you can assign IP addresses at random as long as each one is unique. However, connecting a private network to the Internet requires using registered IP addresses (called Internet addresses) to avoid duplicates. |
| IP convergence |
| See convergence |
| IP routing |
| See router |
| IP Splicing / Hijacking |
| An action whereby an active, established, session is intercepted and co-opted by the unauthorized user. IP splicing attacks may occur after an authentication has been made, permitting the attacker to assume the role of an already authorized user. |
| IP Spoofing |
| Illicitly impersonating another system by using its IP network address. This is an attack used to gain unauthorized access to computers, whereby the intruder sends messages to a computer with an IP address indicating that the message is coming from a trusted port. To engage in IP spoofing, a hacker must first use a variety of techniques to find an IP address of a trusted port and then modify the packet headers so that it appears that the packets are coming from that port. Newer routers and firewall arrangements can offer protection against IP spoofing. |
| IP telephone |
| This telephone works with Internet technology. Like a PC, an IP telephone is directly connected to a LAN. As with data communication, the voice traffic is inserted into data packets and transferred across the network. The packet switching transmission method is used instead of conventional circuit switching. The IP telephone is a typical product of convergence between the telephone network and the Internet. |
| IPsec |
| Short for IP Security, a set of protocols being developed by the IETF to support secure exchange of packets at the IP layer. Once it's completed, IPsec is expected to be deployed widely to implement Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). IPsec supports two encryption modes: Transport and Tunnel. Transport mode encrypts only the data portion (payload) of each packet, but leaves the header untouched. The more secure Tunnel mode encrypts both the header and the payload. On the receiving side, an IPSec-compliant device decrypts each packet. For IPsec to work, the sending and receiving devices must share a public key. This is accomplished through a protocol known as Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol/Oakley (ISAKMP/Oakley), which allows the receiver to obtain a public key and authenticate the sender using digital certificates. |
| IPv6 |
| Internet Protocol, version 6: IPv6 was developed by the IEFT as a version of the IP protocol. It was accepted as an Internet standard in December 1995 because of work on IPng (next generation). This version is a further development of Version 4 (IPv4). The main enhancements are as follows: Extended addressing options, simplified, header format, improved support for options and extensions, new facilities for defining the level of service, and improved security procedures. IPv6 has extended the address space from 32 bits to 128 bits, so that a significantly higher number of addressable Internet nodes can be addressed, several hierarchy levels are possible, and the auto configuration of addresses is simplified. The IPv6 header consists of a 4-bit version field for the IP version, a priority field of the same length for level-of-service attributes, and a 24-bit flow-label field, which is used by the data source to identify data packets that require special handling with the specific level of service. Next-Generation Internet. |
| IPX |
| Internetwork Packet Exchange - a datagram (packet) protocol established by Novell, and used on its Netware client/server networks. |
| IRC |
| Internet Relay Chat - Channels, commonly known as chat rooms, which enable multiple users to communicate with everyone in the room. |
| ISAPI |
| Internet Server Application Program Interface - A system of MS Windows program calls that facilitates Web server applications that run faster than traditional Common Gateway Interface (CGI) applications. |
| iSCSI |
| iSCSI is a protocol that allows clients (called initiators) to send SCSI commands (CDBs) to SCSI storage devices (targets) on remote servers. It is a popular Storage Area Network (SAN) protocol, allowing organizations to consolidate storage into data center storage arrays while providing hosts (such as database and web servers) with the illusion of locally-attached disks. Unlike Fibre Channel, which requires special-purpose cabling, iSCSI can be run over long distances using existing network infrastructure. In essence, iSCSI simply allows two hosts to negotiate and then exchange SCSI commands using IP networks. By doing this, iSCSI takes a popular high-performance local storage bus and allows it to be run over wide-area networks, creating a storage area network (SAN). Unlike some SAN protocols, iSCSI requires no dedicated cabling; it can be run over existing switching and IP infrastructure. As a result, iSCSI is often seen as a low-cost alternative to Fibre Channel, which requires dedicated infrastructure. |
| ISDN |
| Integrated Services Digital Network - A method used for high-speed data transfer over standard phone lines. ISDN speeds typically reach 64 Kbps per line. |
| ISP |
| Internet Service Provider - A company that provides Internet access and other related services, usually on a subscription basis. |
